| Suspended | Does MI Have a Therapeutic Role in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair? NCT05670080 | Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | The Effect of Early-Phase Graded Motor Imagery Following Massive Rotator Cuff Repair. NCT07481864 | Acibadem University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Contextually Enriched Individualized Exercise Versus Contextually Fixed Exercise for Rotator Cuff-Related Shou NCT07428070 | Istanbul Nisantasi University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Shock Wave Therapy as a Treatment Intervention for Frozen Shoulder NCT06490172 | University of Stirling | N/A |
| Recruiting | Efficacy of Chemically Distinct Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Pain Phenotypes in Adhesive NCT07493226 | Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Supraspinatus Tendon Acute Effects After Two Exercise Exposures: a Crossover Randomized Trial. NCT07489937 | University of Florida | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | OsseoFit Stemless Shoulder System (Anatomic) NCT07421245 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Recruiting | USG-Guided Shoulder Injections in Frozen Shoulder NCT07493213 | Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Comparison of the Effectiveness of USG-Guided Interscalene Block Versus Combined Interscalen-Suprascapular Blo NCT07445126 | Asuman Ocaklar | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Suprascapular Nerve Block to Improve Tolerance and Outcomes of Shoulder Hydrodistension in Adhesive Capsulitis NCT07380087 | Universidade do Porto | N/A |
| Recruiting | Interscalene Block Versus Anterior Suprascapular Block for Post-Thoracotomy Shoulder Pain NCT07424638 | National Cancer Institute, Egypt | N/A |
| Recruiting | Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block for Analgesia in Arthroscopic Shoulder S NCT07394673 | Bursa City Hospital | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Impact of Different Electrical Frequencies Used in Percutaneous Neuromodulation on Muscle Strength and Pressur NCT07269925 | Universidad Complutense de Madrid | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Effects of Neuromuscular Taping on Shoulder Pain and Function in Pitchers: A Clinical Trial NCT07316946 | Sandra Jiménez-del-Barrio | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Effect of Kinesio Taping After Rotator Cuff Surgery NCT07375927 | Olcay Yavuz | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Diaphragm Thickness in People With Shoulder Pain in Tennis Players NCT07334171 | Universidad Francisco de Vitoria | — |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Bupivacaine With Epinephrine Over Diaphragm in Laparoscopy NCT07400146 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Phase 4 |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Virtual Reality-Supported Exercise for Chronic Musculoskeletal Shoulder Disorders: a Feasibility Study NCT07392762 | Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Mobile App-Assisted Home Exercise for Musculoskeletal Disorders NCT07355595 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Interscalene Block vs Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block NCT07278050 | Medipol University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | New Therapeutic Interventions and Imaging Techniques for Prolonged Shoulder Disorders NCT07235969 | University of Oulu | N/A |
| Recruiting | Effects of Rigid Taping in Acromioclavicular Joint Degeneration NCT07333417 | Hacettepe University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain NCT07302711 | Marmara University | — |
| Recruiting | Effect of Adding Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy to Exercises in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy NCT07390396 | Deraya University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Outcome of Active Aspiration Versus Simple Compression to Remove Residual Gas From Abdominal Cavity in Reducin NCT07299656 | King Edward Medical University | N/A |
| Completed | Vibration Therapy and IASTM in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome NCT07291843 | Emre DANSUK | N/A |
| Recruiting | HIIT for Inflammatory-driven Shoulder Pain. NCT07275164 | Universiteit Antwerpen | N/A |
| Recruiting | Investigation of the Effectiveness of Flossing in Hemiplegic Patients With Shoulder Pain NCT07261007 | Uskudar University | N/A |
| Recruiting | The Efficacy and Safety of Shoulder Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) on in Patients With Shoulder Pai NCT07187336 | Jaseng Medical Foundation | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Electrical Stimulation for Erector Spinae Plane Catheter Insertion NCT05653570 | Stanford University | N/A |
| Completed | The Acute Effect of Shoulder Kinesiology Taping on Dental Students NCT07393100 | European University of Lefke | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Effectiveness of Kinesiologic Taping and Dry Needling in the Treatment of Subacromial Pain Syndrome NCT07190768 | Bursa City Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Strength Training and Proprioceptive Stimulation on Pain, Function, Quality of Life, Sleep Quality, and Psycho NCT07184242 | University of Jaén | N/A |
| Completed | Relationship Between Central Sensitization Levels and Treatment Outcomes in Frozen Shoulder Treatment NCT07124689 | Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital | — |
| Recruiting | PREVALENCE OF SCAPULAR DYSKINESIS NCT07123532 | Cairo University | — |
| Recruiting | Focusing the Shoulder or Considering the Whole-Body in Volleyball Physiotherapy NCT07072091 | University of Trieste | N/A |
| Completed | Maitland Vs Mulligan Mobilization in Patients With Shoulder Pain NCT07062679 | Riphah International University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | The Immediate Effects of First Rib Mobilization on Pain and Range of Motion in Patients With Shoulder Pain NCT07064772 | Andrews University | N/A |
| Recruiting | MDR - Comprehensive Primary Revision Stems PMCF NCT06788717 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Enrolling By Invitation | Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty vs Rotator Cuff Repair for 60+ NCT06848023 | Campbell Clinic | — |
| Recruiting | Pulsed Radiofrequency of Shoulder Individual Nerves Versus Brachial Plexus in Management of Chronic Post Maste NCT07002944 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Effectiveness of Action Observation and Motor Imagery Intervention Plus Exercise for Chronic Painful Shoulder NCT04118439 | Universidad Autonoma de Madrid | N/A |
| Completed | Sleeper Stretch in CrossFit Participants NCT06720155 | Mayo Clinic | N/A |
| Recruiting | BFRT for Subacromial Pain NCT06873113 | University of Florida | N/A |
| Recruiting | Zimmer Biomet Shoulder Arthroplasty PMCF Study NCT06920459 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Efficacy of Acupuncture for Shoulder Pain Based on Remote Point Selection According to the Meridians NCT06939309 | China Medical University Hospital | N/A |
| Recruiting | Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery NCT06866054 | Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University | N/A |
| Completed | Pilates Exercises Versus Mirror Therapy on Shoulder Dysfunction Post Neck Dissection Surgeries NCT07297706 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Effectiveness of Scapular Exercises Compared To Conventional Treatment in Shoulder Pain NCT06890000 | Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | The Effects of Posture CS and STM on Reducing Shoulder and Neck Pain in Breastfeeding Mothers NCT07037056 | Superior University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | The Analgesic Effect of (SHAC) Block Versus Suprascapular Nerve Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgeries NCT06529393 | Assiut University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality on Biomarkers and Clinical and Clinimetric Variables in Patients wi NCT06795464 | Universidad Francisco de Vitoria | N/A |
| Completed | Interscalene vs Infraspinatus-teres Minor (ITM) Interfascial Block in Shoulder Surgery NCT06844630 | Kadem Koc | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Efficacy of a Criteria Based Clinical Pathway for Rehabilitation of Shoulder Injuries NCT06536114 | United States Naval Medical Center, San Diego | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Suprascapular Nerve PRF for Central Sensitization and Neuropathic Pain NCT06857409 | Gülçin Babaoğlu | — |
| Recruiting | US-guided Hydro Dissection vs Fluoroscopy-guided Hydro Dissection for Adhesive Capsulitis NCT06888791 | Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital | N/A |
| Recruiting | Performance and Safety of LightForce® Therapy Lasers on Shoulder Soft Tissue Inflammation Pain Reduction NCT06759935 | DJO UK Ltd | N/A |
| Recruiting | Embolization Treatment of Chronic Refractory Shoulder Tendinopathy NCT06095050 | Brigham and Women's Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Validation and Inverse Analysis of The Athletic Shoulder Test (ASH). NCT06763107 | University of Vigo | N/A |
| Recruiting | Does Sarcopenia Influence Rotator Cuff Tear Patterns? Radiological Insights From Patients With Rotator Cuff Sy NCT07183774 | Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital | — |
| Completed | VR-Assisted Rehabilitation in Partial Supraspinatus Tears NCT07478835 | Hitit University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Low Pressure Pneumoperitoneum Using AirSeal® for Reduction in Postoperative Shoulder Pain Following Robot Assi NCT06737068 | Riverside University Health System Medical Center | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Development of the Photographic Shoulder Scale NCT06718296 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | — |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Analysis of Sleep & Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery NCT06625723 | New York Presbyterian Hospital | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Comparative Efficacy of Buprenorphine Transdermal Patch Versus Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia for Shoulde NCT06742554 | medina medical center | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Interscalene Block Versus Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surger NCT07311096 | Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | How Dry Needling at the Neck Affects Shoulder Movement, Strength, Pain, and Shoulder Circulation NCT06705634 | Texas Woman's University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Low Level Laser Versus Neural Mobilization of Brachial Plexus on Shoulder Dysfunction Post Liver Donation NCT06703775 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Investigation of the Effects of Kettlebell Training NCT07289893 | Hacettepe University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Comparison of Manual Therapy Versus Radial Shock Waves in the Shoulder Pain Treatment NCT06587399 | University of Alcala | N/A |
| Completed | A Comparative Study Between Anterior Glenoid Block With Sub-omohyoid Suprascapular Block Versus Interscalene B NCT06609590 | Ain Shams University | N/A |
| Completed | Evaluating Intercostobrachial Nerve Block's Effect on Pain Control After Shoulder Replacement NCT06042608 | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Effect of the Modified Sleeper-Stretch on the Elasticity of the Posterior and Posteroinferior Glenohumeral Cap NCT06509516 | University of Alcala | N/A |
| Recruiting | Effect of 4-7-8 Breathıng Technıque on Shoulder Paın and Respıratory Functıon Tests After Laparoscopıc Cholese NCT06415890 | Mustafa Kemal University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Oral Supplementation Compared With Hyaluronic Acid Infiltration in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathies NCT06379997 | I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Combined Shoulder Anterior Capsule and Suprascapular Nerve Block Versus Interscalene Block in Shoulder Surgery NCT06519851 | Assiut University | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Determination of Risk Factors of Shoulder Pathologies in Parkinson Disease NCT06456840 | Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey | — |
| Active Not Recruiting | Effects of Externally Focused Shoulder Stabilization Exercises on Individuals With Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy NCT06702319 | Izmir Democracy University | N/A |
| Completed | A Pilot Study Comparing Two Rehabilitation Approaches for Individuals With Irritable Shoulder Pain NCT06467123 | University of Central Florida | N/A |
| Completed | Analgesic Efficacy of Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane (SPSIP) Block in Shoulder Arthroscopies NCT06423677 | Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital | N/A |
| Recruiting | Biopsychosocial Contributors to Irritability in Individuals With Shoulder Pain NCT06429371 | University of Central Florida | — |
| Recruiting | Effects Of Isometric Muscle Training On Shoulder Pain, Function And Performance In Bowlers NCT06426875 | Riphah International University | N/A |
| Recruiting | The Effect of the Treatment Environment on Pain, Function, Self Efficacy and Satisfaction in RCRSP NCT06449534 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | N/A |
| Recruiting | Effects of Dry Needling on the Behavior of the Shoulder Muscles NCT06398574 | University of Alcala | N/A |
| Completed | Tactile Acuity, Right-left Discrimination, and Motor Imagery in Chronic Rotator Cuff-related Shoulder Pain NCT06503549 | Acibadem University | — |
| Recruiting | The Effectiveness of Dry Needling Treatment in Patients With Shoulder Myofascial Pain Syndrome NCT06338488 | Kutahya Health Sciences University | N/A |
| Recruiting | ACU_Knee: Role of Acupuncture in Knee Prosthetic Surgery NCT07123805 | Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia | N/A |
| Completed | Incentive Spirometry Versus Massage Therapy Among Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients NCT07029477 | Mansoura University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Functional Tests Correlation With Ultrasound Parameters NCT06384430 | Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University | — |
| Unknown | Urdu Translation, Validity and Reliability of Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder & Hand (QuickDASH) NCT06191705 | Foundation University Islamabad | — |
| Recruiting | Effectiveness of Noninvasive Phrenic Nerve Neuromodulation in Shoulder Pain and Hepatobiliary Visceral Comorbi NCT06296979 | University of Seville | N/A |
| Completed | The Hypoalgesic Effects of BFR Training in Nonspecific Shoulder Pain. NCT05956288 | European University Cyprus | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Digital Physiotherapy Treatment for Patients With Subacromial Pain Compared to Usual Physiotherapy in Primary NCT06276192 | Region Östergötland | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Effect of High Intensity Laser on Shoulder Impingement. NCT06732570 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Shoulder RFA Pilot Study NCT06039345 | University of Utah | — |
| Recruiting | Assessment of Rural Health Care: Implementing TRAK Digital Tool for Quality and Accessible Services NCT06796309 | Trak Health Solutions S.L. | N/A |
| Unknown | Examining the Relationship Between Pain, Upper Extremity Functionality and Depression in Individuals With Chro NCT06248502 | Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University | — |
| Completed | Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Block on the Quality of Recovery After Shoulder Arthroscopy NCT06225089 | Konya City Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Comparison of IMES Versus DN on ATrPs of AC NCT06302829 | Riphah International University | N/A |
| Completed | Peng Block or Suprascapular Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Shoulder Artroscopy ? NCT05666076 | Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Neuroscience Education in Shoulder Pain: Clinical Trial NCT06739694 | Universidad de León | N/A |
| Unknown | Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm Thickness, Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Shoulder Pain in Tennis Pl NCT06186180 | Universidad Francisco de Vitoria | N/A |
| Unknown | Investigating the Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale NCT06266273 | Hacettepe University | N/A |
| Unknown | Pericapsular Nerve Group Block vs Interscalene Block for Shoulder Arthroscopy NCT06208774 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Completed | Randomized Study in the Prevention of Pain Shoulders After Laparoscopic Surgery NCT06039761 | GCS Ramsay Santé pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche | N/A |
| Completed | Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Infraspinatus-teres Minor Inter-fascial Block in Patients Undergoing Shoulde NCT06240884 | Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Connective Tissue Matrix for Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy NCT06160427 | Allegheny Singer Research Institute (also known as Allegheny Health Network Research Institute) | Phase 4 |
| Unknown | Effects of Terminal Visual Feedback Therapy After Immersive Virtual Reality in Patients With Chronic Shoulder NCT05640661 | University of Malaga | N/A |
| Unknown | Shoulder Proprioceptive Training During Immobilization of the Wrist NCT05943340 | University of Malaga | N/A |
| Completed | Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Exercise for Shoulder Pain NCT06158568 | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas | N/A |
| Completed | Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the ADAP Shoulder Scale NCT06293001 | Hacettepe University | — |
| Recruiting | Comparing Mindfulness-based Breath Training and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Shoulder Surgery Patien NCT05917262 | Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Thoracic Spine and Shoulder Kinematics and Muscle Activation in Rock Climbers With Shoulder Pain NCT05950360 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | — |
| Completed | Chronic Rotator Cuff-related Shoulder Pain and Graded Motor Imagery NCT06092489 | Nuray Alaca | N/A |
| Recruiting | Shoulder Impingement Syndrome and Graded Motor Imagery NCT06092502 | Nuray Alaca | N/A |
| Recruiting | Value of Capsular Repair for Latarjet NCT05978362 | GCS Ramsay Santé pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche | N/A |
| Unknown | The Effects of Two Different Treatment Protocols on Shoulder Function, Quality of Life, and Ultrasound Paramet NCT05956171 | Istanbul University | N/A |
| Completed | Prevalence and Determinants of Shoulder Girdle Musculoskeletal Complaints in Geriatric Patients With Diminishe NCT07206654 | Beni-Suef University | — |
| Completed | Development a New Scale for Assessment Shoulder Problems NCT05391516 | Suleyman Demirel University | — |
| Completed | Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Home-Based Exercise for Partial-Thickness Supraspinatus Tears NCT07246434 | Universidad de Extremadura | N/A |
| Unknown | Trigger Points of Supraspinatus Muscle: Osteopaths' Palpation Reproductibility and Ultrasound Translation NCT05785650 | Institut des Hautes Etudes Osteopathiques de Nantes | — |
| Unknown | Effects of Inhibition Techniques Applied on Trigger Points of Supraspinatus Muscle on Echogenicity and Patient NCT05951218 | Institut des Hautes Etudes Osteopathiques de Nantes | N/A |
| Completed | Suprascapular Notch Cross-sectional Area Measured by Ultrasonography NCT05996510 | Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital | N/A |
| Unknown | Upper Trunk Block Feasibility by Anesthesia Residents NCT05932186 | Alexandria University | Phase 4 |
| Unknown | Rotator Cuff Tear Severity and Scapular and Rotator Cuff Muscle Activation Patterns NCT05946343 | Ahram Canadian University | — |
| Completed | Regional Analgesia for Anterior Cervical Disc and Fusion Surgery NCT05680142 | Başakşehir Çam & Sakura City Hospital | N/A |
| Unknown | Corticosteroid Injection Versus Tendon Dry Needling for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome NCT05882786 | Uskudar State Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Interscalene Block Versus Combined Infraclavicular-Anterior Suprascapular Blocks for Shoulder Surgery NCT05444517 | University of Chile | N/A |
| Completed | Effectiveness of High Intensity Laser Treatment In Partial Supraspinatus Tendon Tears NCT06637410 | Ankara City Hospital Bilkent | N/A |
| Completed | Pulsed Radiofrequency to the Suprascapular Nerve NCT06527014 | Ankara City Hospital Bilkent | N/A |
| Terminated | Evolution of Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain With a Capsular Pattern With Physiotherapy Alone Versus Coupled With Mi NCT05845125 | Claire Bourgeois | Phase 4 |
| Unknown | Effectiveness of Non-surgical Management in Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinopathy (THE EFFECT TRIAL) NCT05478902 | University of Valencia | N/A |
| Completed | Effects of Scapular Therapeutic Exercise on Essential Biomechanical and Neurophysiological Parameters in Shoul NCT05814978 | Polytechnic Institute of Porto | N/A |
| Unknown | Finnish Imaging of Shoulder Trauma NCT05800184 | University of Helsinki | — |
| Unknown | Immersive Virtual Reality for Pain-related Movement Dysfunctions in Patients With Chronic Shoulder Pain NCT05639764 | University of Malaga | N/A |
| Unknown | Dynamic Humeral Centering Exercises in Subacromial Pain Syndrome NCT05892250 | Universidad de Antofagasta | N/A |
| Completed | Could Intrathecal Fentanyl Prevent Shoulder Tip Pain (STP) During and After Caesarean Section NCT05730751 | Ain Shams University | — |
| Completed | Buckets vs. Braces Prospective Study NCT06904430 | Children's Hospital of Orange County | N/A |
| Completed | Investigation of the Effect of Central Sensitization Symptom Severity on Steroid Injection Results in Shoulder NCT06404125 | Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey | — |
| Unknown | The Effect of Acupressure on Shoulder Pain and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy NCT05729854 | Agri Ibrahim Cecen University | N/A |
| Completed | Finnish Imaging of Shoulder Study NCT05641415 | University of Helsinki | — |
| Completed | Effects of Ballistic Exercises on Pain, Disability, and Explosive Strength in Tennis Players With Shoulder Pai NCT05716841 | Sehat Medical Complex | N/A |
| Completed | Subomohyoid vs Costoclavicular Block in Shoulder Surgery NCT05683522 | Samsun University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Tenotomy of Biceps' Long Head by Mini-optics in Consultation (Hyperambulatory): What Advantage Compared to the NCT05370183 | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice | N/A |
| Completed | Effectiveness of Oncological Physiotherapy on Painful Shoulder Cervical Ganglion in Head and Neck Cancer NCT05604235 | University of Alcala | N/A |
| Unknown | Effects of Low Frequency TENS and Therapeutic Ultrasound in Post-stroke Shoulder Pain NCT05931185 | Riphah International University | N/A |
| Completed | Investigation of Effects of Physiotherapy Interventions on Mechanical Properties of Muscle in Head and Neck Ca NCT05399953 | Yeditepe University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Dry Needling and Shoulder Muscle Blood Flow, Motions, and Pain Sensitivity in Individuals with Shoulder Pain NCT05596240 | Texas Woman's University | N/A |
| Completed | Functional Movement Analysis (FMS) of Diaphragmatic Breathing-Immediate Effect on Shoulder Mobility NCT05748522 | Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Cryoneurolysis for Knee and Shoulder Pain in an Inpatient Setting NCT05674604 | Vancouver Island Health Authority | — |
| Completed | Dry Needling Treatment in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain NCT04790071 | Kars State Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Electromyographic Analysis of Scapular Muscles During Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises NCT06274827 | Hacettepe University | N/A |
| Completed | High Intensity Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain NCT05564182 | Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University | N/A |
| Completed | Effect of Two Preventive Exercise Programs for Swimmer's Shoulder on the Torque of Shoulder Rotator Muscles in NCT06552585 | School of Allied Health Sciences of Porto (ESTSP) - Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP) | N/A |
| Completed | The Efficacy of PRP Injection in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Syndrome NCT05561452 | Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University | N/A |
| Unknown | Ambulatory Rehabilitation Program in Patients With Degenerative Rupture of the Rotator Cuff Tendons of the Sho NCT05413213 | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | N/A |
| Unknown | Dexmedetomidine Added to Ropivacaine Single Shot vs Continuous Interscalene Nerve Block NCT05775861 | Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal | N/A |
| Completed | Can Work be Organized to Become More Health Promoting for Employees in Home Care Services? NCT05487027 | Norwegian University of Science and Technology | N/A |
| Completed | Efficacy of Ipsilateral High Thoracic Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Thoracic Cancer Surgerie NCT05238688 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Unknown | Cervical Proprioception and Shoulder Impingement Treatment NCT05963789 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Recruiting | The Effect of Micro Fragmented Adipose Tissue (MFAT) on Shoulder Osteoarthritis NCT04929951 | Stanford University | Phase 1 |
| Completed | Anterior and Posterior Approaches of Suprascapular Nerve Block NCT05442814 | Istanbul Medeniyet University | N/A |
| Unknown | SPR PNS for Chronic Shoulder Pain NCT05649917 | International Spine, Pain and Performance Center | — |
| Completed | Investigation of the Effect of Conventional Treatment on Postural Stability and Balance in Individuals With Sh NCT05444426 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | N/A |
| Completed | The Effect of Postoperative Modified Trendelenburg Position to Decrease Shoulder Pain After Laparoscopic Hyste NCT05428982 | Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health of Thailand | N/A |
| Completed | Dry Needling and Shoulder Muscle Blood Flow, Motions, and Pain Sensitivity NCT05467098 | Texas Woman's University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Opioid-Free Pain Protocol After Shoulder Arthroplasty NCT05488847 | Henry Ford Health System | Phase 4 |
| Recruiting | Influence of Anthropometric Data, Shoulder Complex Muscle Strength, and Abdominal-lumbar Endurance in Closed K NCT05291273 | University Hospital, Brest | N/A |
| Completed | Effects of Exercise or Taping on Pain, Function, Range of Motion, Strength and Kyphosis in Subacromial Pain Sy NCT06777121 | Sevtap Günay | N/A |
| Unknown | Synchronous and Asynchronous Telerehabilitation Methods in Patients With Shoulder Tendinopathy NCT05549817 | Marmara University | N/A |
| Completed | Effects of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain NCT05883475 | Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University | — |
| Terminated | Anaverse™ Glenoid System and Its Instrumentation NCT05215600 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Withdrawn | TrueRelief Efficacy for Supraspinatus Tendonitis NCT05184985 | Weill Medical College of Cornell University | N/A |
| Completed | Central and Peripheral Sensitization, and Pain Contributing Factors in Shoulder Pain Patients and Healthy Peop NCT05360589 | University of Turin, Italy | — |
| Completed | Surgeons Can Avoid Lasting Pain Through Exercise Literacy NCT05175443 | Timothy Uhl | N/A |
| Completed | An Individualised Treatment vs. a Minimal Program in Women With Late-term Shoulder Impairments After Breast Ca NCT05277909 | Vejle Hospital | N/A |
| Unknown | Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Management Using Shoulder pRF and Corticosteroid Injection NCT05563571 | Satasairaala | N/A |
| Completed | Sensory Processing and Musculoskeletal Shoulder Pain NCT05368649 | University of Gran Rosario | N/A |
| Completed | Psychosocial Factors of Persistent Shoulder Pain NCT05328349 | Laval University | — |
| Completed | The Relationship Between Thoracic Kyphosis Angle and Shoulder Pain NCT07349238 | Uskudar University | N/A |
| Completed | Understanding Control and Mechanisms of Shoulder Instability in FSHD NCT05239520 | University of Liverpool | — |
| Completed | Comparison of the Efficiency of Ultrasound-Guided Lavage and Subacromial Bursa Injection in Calcific Tendiniti NCT05272085 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | N/A |
| Completed | MINIMUM EFFECTIVE VOLUME OF BUPIVACAİNE FOR ANTERIOR SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE BLOCK NCT05241977 | V.K.V. American Hospital, Istanbul | — |
| Completed | The Effect of Mirror Therapy After Thoracotomy NCT05962736 | Akdeniz University | N/A |
| Completed | Comparison of the Treatment Efficacy of Suprascapular Nerve Block and Intraarticular Shoulder Injection Techni NCT06079515 | Antalya Training and Research Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Subscapularis Indocyanine Green Perfusion Pilot Study NCT05179941 | Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | N/A |
| Unknown | Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis vs Dry Needling in Myofascial Pain Syndrome of Shoulder Pain NCT05593848 | University of Salamanca | N/A |
| Completed | Telerehabilitation in Individuals With Rotator Cuff Tear NCT05904249 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | N/A |
| Completed | Impact of Scapular Mobilization And Strengthening Exercises on Shoulder Function Post Mastectomy NCT05529680 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Completed | The Effects of Manual Therapy and Scapular Exercise for the Pectoralis Minor in Individuals With Shoulder Pain NCT05104060 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | N/A |
| Completed | Shoulder Kinematics and Muscle Activation in Sport Climbers With Shoulder Pain NCT05139654 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | — |
| Completed | Muscle Energy Technique Versus Maitland Mobilization on Shoulder Pain and Disability NCT06010381 | Cairo University | N/A |
| Unknown | "Shoulder Musculoskeletal Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Contributing Factors and Rehabilitation Proto NCT04817514 | Universidad Católica del Maule | N/A |
| Suspended | Augmented Reality for Shoulder Pain and Scapular Dyskinesis NCT05088668 | Ruben Fernandez Matias | N/A |
| Completed | Effectiveness of a Novel Protocol for Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in General Population With Should NCT05108311 | CEU San Pablo University | N/A |
| Recruiting | Evaluating Hemidiaphragmatic Paralysis With Prolonged Neural Blockade From an Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blo NCT04209504 | Duke University | — |
| Completed | Digitally Delivered Exercise and Education Treatment for Shoulder Pain: 3 Months Follow-up NCT05402514 | Joint Academy | — |
| Completed | Web-based Instrument Intervention for Individuals with Shoulder Pain NCT04322864 | Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos | N/A |
| Completed | Comparative Effects of Two Conservative Treatments in Teres Major in Handball Athletes With Shoulder Pain NCT05080439 | Universidad de Zaragoza | N/A |
| Unknown | Evaluating the Efficacy of PECS II Block Versus Axillary Ring Block in Rotator Cuff Repair Patients NCT04930393 | University of Southern California | N/A |
| Completed | Mitigating the Impact of Shoulder Movement Dysfunction; a Randomized Controlled Trial NCT04852640 | University of Minnesota | N/A |
| Unknown | Comparison of the Incidence of Shoulder Pain According to Postoperative Use of Abdominal Binder NCT05043844 | Seoul National University Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Ultrasound Guided Steroids Injection Versus PRP for Shoulder Pain Relief NCT05317624 | Alexandria University | EARLY_Phase 1 |
| Recruiting | Zimmer Biomet Shoulder Arthroplasty PMCF NCT04984291 | Zimmer Biomet | N/A |
| Unknown | The Effect of Heat Therapy on Shoulder Pain and Physiologic Parameters After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy NCT05149612 | Ordu University | N/A |
| Terminated | Comparison Between Subacromial Ultrasound Guided and Systemic Steroid Injection for Frozen Shoulder NCT04931511 | Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University | Phase 4 |
| Unknown | Urdu Version of Oxford Shoulder Score Scale: Reliability and Validity Study NCT05432063 | Riphah International University | — |
| Unknown | Effectiveness of Pain Education Elderly Subacromial Pain NCT04941586 | Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva Carvalho | N/A |
| Unknown | Pain Relief After Hiatal Hernia Repair Surgery NCT04936711 | Norton Thoracic Institute | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Effect of Semi-recumbent Position on Treatment of Shoulder Pain Seen After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy NCT05253300 | Sibel Yilmaz Sahin | N/A |
| Unknown | The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Ultrasound in the Treatment of Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder NCT04822779 | Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb | N/A |
| Unknown | Simple and Evidence-based Examination and Treatment of Shoulder Pain in General Practice NCT04806191 | University of Oslo | N/A |
| Not Yet Recruiting | Pneumoperitoneum Management With SurgiQuest AirSeal® at Low vs. Higher Pressure NCT02837601 | Akron Children's Hospital | N/A |
| Unknown | Effects of Dry Needling in Teres Major in Patients With Shoulder Pain NCT04777578 | Universidad de Zaragoza | N/A |
| Unknown | Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis NCT04878848 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | N/A |
| Unknown | Does Meloxicam Provide as Much Pain Relief as Opioids After Shoulder Surgery? NCT04725357 | Rothman Institute Orthopaedics | Phase 3 |
| Completed | Effect of Kinesio Taping on Upper Extremity Performance in Individuals With Rounded Shoulders NCT04346563 | Mahidol University | N/A |
| Completed | Comparison of Pragmatic Posterior Capsular Stretch and Crossbody Stretch on the Shoulder Mobility NCT04692649 | Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences | N/A |
| Completed | Ultrasound Guided Shoulder Intra-Articular Ozone Injection Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Application for Should NCT04724317 | Ahmed Foula | N/A |
| Completed | Comparison of Shoulder Stretches NCT05324722 | Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences | N/A |
| Completed | Metabolic Syndrome and Persistent Shoulder Pain 1 Year After Primary Diagnosis NCT04686435 | Vejle Hospital | — |
| Completed | Efficacy of Pulse Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) in Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome NCT05057871 | Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University | N/A |
| Completed | Digital Therapy in Shoulder Rehabilitation. NCT05230056 | University of Padova | N/A |
| Completed | Bupivacaine or Radiofrequency for Shoulder Pain NCT05778422 | Federal University of São Paulo | N/A |
| Completed | Real Versus Sham Manual Therapy for RCRSP NCT04440046 | University of Alcala | N/A |
| Completed | Post-Operative Pain Control Following Shoulder Surgery NCT04622839 | Johns Hopkins University | N/A |
| Completed | Non-interventional Study Evaluating the Management of Pain Using a Technique Developed and Commonly Used by th NCT04189731 | University Hospital, Limoges | — |
| Terminated | Dry Needling for Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis NCT03861923 | Duke University | N/A |
| Completed | The Effectiveness of Dynamic Taping in Preventing Muscle Fatigue NCT04504929 | Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital | N/A |
| Unknown | The Effect of Exercise Therapy in Painful Shoulder Disorders NCT04538690 | Istanbul Medipol University Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Neuromodulation Versus Dry Needling in Shoulder Pain Treatment NCT04454671 | University of Alcala | N/A |
| Completed | Inclusion of Mobilisation With Movement to an Exercise Programme in Rotator Cuff Related Pain NCT04175184 | Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre | N/A |
| Unknown | Risk Screening and Assessment of Shoulder, Neck and Lower Back Discomfort. NCT04971616 | Peking University Third Hospital | — |
| Unknown | Cost-Effectiveness of Rotator Cuff Repair Methods NCT04146987 | Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein | N/A |
| Completed | A Clinical Study of Freshly Manufactured 35kDa Hyaluronan Fragment in the Treatment of Pain NCT05756595 | Dove Medical Press Ltd | N/A |
| Completed | Effectiveness of Acupuncture Clinical Pathway NCT04490798 | Hospital Son Llatzer | — |
| Completed | Using Kinect Motion Capture to Measure Shoulder Motion in Patients Undergoing Capsular Distension for Adhesive NCT04413162 | University of California, Davis | N/A |
| Unknown | Upper Trunk Block Versus Costoclavicular Block For Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery NCT04194385 | Bezmialem Vakif University | N/A |
| Unknown | Suprascapular Nerve Block Efficacy for Shoulder Surgery NCT04364542 | Ivan Simionato | N/A |
| Completed | Pragmatic Posterior Capsular Stretch NCT04901780 | Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences | N/A |
| Completed | Effectiveness of Pragmatic Shoulder Technique VS Traditional Physical Therapy NCT04859387 | Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences | N/A |
| Unknown | Musculoskeletal Pain of Neck and Shoulder Area in Female Office Workers: Relations Between Muscle Tone, Stiffn NCT04254276 | University of Tartu | — |
| Completed | The Chinese Version of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form Question NCT04755049 | National Cheng-Kung University Hospital | — |
| Recruiting | Nordic Throwing Shoulder Project (NTS - Project) NCT04056078 | Nord University | — |
| Withdrawn | Arthroscopic Transosseous vs. Anchored Rotator Cuff Repair NCT03797287 | Johns Hopkins University | N/A |
| Completed | Assessment of Shoulder Rehabilitation Practices and Documentation Protocols at Riphah Rehabilitation Center NCT06773442 | Riphah International University | — |
| Completed | Auriculotherapy for Surgical Pain NCT03860259 | Jacques E. Chelly | N/A |
| Completed | Stratified Physiotherapeutic (Blended) Care in Neck and Shoulder Complaints NCT05680753 | Mark van Tilburg | N/A |
| Completed | The Morphometric Parameters of Shoulder and Supraspinatus Tendinosis NCT05132959 | Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University | — |
| Completed | Pain Increases After Shoulder Injection NCT05438277 | Campbell Clinic | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Embodiment in Virtual Reality as a Telemedicine Digital Therapeutic for the Treatment of Chronic Shoulder Pain NCT05375500 | Karuna Labs Inc. | N/A |
| Completed | Shoulder Massage After Cholecystectomy NCT06480149 | Maltepe University | N/A |
| Unknown | Efficacy of Sodium Thiosulfate in Shoulder Pain in Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff NCT04251832 | Soraia Azevedo | Phase 2 |
| Unknown | Reliability of Posterior Shoulder Endurance Test in Overhead Athletes NCT04199988 | Dokuz Eylul University | — |
| Enrolling By Invitation | MDR - Comprehensive Primary/Micro Stem & Versa-Dial Ti Humeral Head NCT04003311 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Terminated | ASHCOM Shoulder System and Its Related Instruments NCT04258605 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Withdrawn | Improving Pain Management After Total Shoulder Replacement Using Bupivacaine Liposome NCT04134442 | University of Massachusetts, Worcester | Phase 4 |
| Unknown | Intravenous Versus Perineural Effect Dexamethasone in Interscalene Nerve Block With Levobupivacaine NCT04284007 | Mansoura University | N/A |
| Completed | Impact of Anthropometrics Data and of Physical Activity Level in Closed kineTic Chain Upper Extremity Stabilit NCT04090632 | University Hospital, Brest | N/A |
| Unknown | Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Patient Discomfort in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under Spinal Anest NCT04115449 | Theodor Bilharz Research Institute | Phase 2 / Phase 3 |
| Unknown | Quantification of Upper Trapezius Muscle Stiffness Using Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging: Efficacy of Workplace- NCT04144764 | Chinese University of Hong Kong | N/A |
| Terminated | MDR SureLock All-Suture Anchor NCT04093700 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Unknown | Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education vs Biomedical Education for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Shoul NCT02960477 | University of Malaga | N/A |
| Enrolling By Invitation | MDR - Comprehensive Reverse/Versa Dial Ti Glenosphere NCT04003272 | Zimmer Biomet | — |
| Completed | Interscalene Bupivacaine With Either Liposomal Bupivacaine or Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block for Shoulder A NCT03816982 | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center | N/A |
| Completed | Effects of Smartphone Use on Posture, Pain, Function and QoL NCT04256031 | Yeditepe University | — |
| Terminated | A Post-Market Clinical Evaluation of the ReUnion Reversible Fracture (RFX) System NCT04089371 | Stryker Trauma and Extremities | — |
| Completed | The Effectiveness of Massage Therapy in Patients With Shoulder Pain NCT06520254 | Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences | N/A |
| Completed | Pain and Neck Dysfunction Following Dry Needling With and Without Intramuscular Electrical Stimulus. NCT04057781 | University of Mary Hardin-Baylor | N/A |
| Unknown | sEmg Biofeedback Training in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome NCT04043884 | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte | N/A |
| Unknown | Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Infraclavicular Subomohyoid Block in Shoulder Surgery NCT04183244 | Ain Shams University | Phase 1 / Phase 2 |
| Unknown | Exercise Program in Patients With Shoulder Pain and Rotator Cuff Tear NCT03962231 | Larissa Pechincha Ribeiro | N/A |
| Completed | Dutch Version Fear-Avoidance Component Scale (FACS) NCT03994861 | Hasselt University | N/A |
| Unknown | Patient Reported Outcome After Stemmed Versus Stemless Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Glenohumeral Osteoarthr NCT03877315 | Zealand University Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Peripheral Nerve Blockade Versus Ropivacaine Plus Dexamethasone Periphe NCT04737980 | Hospital for Special Surgery Florida | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Dexamethasone ISB NCT04047446 | Hospital for Special Surgery, New York | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Throwers Ten Exercises On Upper Extremity Function and Explosive Power in Wheelchair Basketball and Basketball NCT04019990 | Hacettepe University | N/A |
| Completed | Motor Control Training in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome NCT04104906 | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte | N/A |
| Unknown | Ultrasound-Guided Treatments for Shoulder Pain in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury NCT04136743 | Kessler Foundation | Phase 2 |
| Completed | The Treatment of Shoulder Pain in Hemiplegic Spastic Patients With Botulinum Toxin A NCT04470401 | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Does The Type of Exercise Influence Outcome in Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain NCT03892603 | Laval University | N/A |
| Active Not Recruiting | Patient Outcomes Collection: How Can we do Better? NCT03653455 | Rush University Medical Center | N/A |
| Unknown | High Resolution Ultrasound in Evaluation of Shoulder Pain Guided by MRI NCT03891992 | Assiut University | — |
| Completed | Night Pain in Patients With Rotator Cuff Syndrome NCT03894761 | Gaziosmanpasa Research and Education Hospital | N/A |
| Completed | Peripheral Nerve Stimulation(PNS) for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome(SIS) NCT03752619 | MetroHealth Medical Center | N/A |
| Completed | Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel ® ) Plus 0.5% Bupivacaine HCL Versus 0.5% Bupivacaine HCL for Interscalene Nerv NCT03913091 | NYU Langone Health | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Interscalene Single Shot With Plain Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery NCT03638960 | University of Southern California | Phase 4 |
| Unknown | Virtual Reality in Reeducation : Application to Shoulder Affections NCT04068454 | University of Liege | N/A |
| Completed | The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Compression And IASTM In Trigger Point Treatment In Patients With Rotator Cuff T NCT04319250 | Istanbul Aydın University | N/A |
| Completed | Yoga@Work for Reducing Musculoskeletal Pain in Neck and Shoulder NCT04313413 | Aarogyam UK | N/A |
| Completed | Feasibility of Near-infrared Spectroscopy to Measure Cortical Pain Pathway (Brain) Activation During Dry Needl NCT04170803 | Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy | EARLY_Phase 1 |
| Completed | The Effect of Deep Neuromuscular Block and Reversal With Sugammadex on Surgical Conditions and Perioperative M NCT03643913 | Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven | Phase 4 |
| Completed | Comparing the Outcome of Cemented All-Polyethylene Pegged vs. Keeled Components Through a Subscapularis Tenoto NCT03735173 | Mayo Clinic | N/A |
| Completed | Shoulder Rating Questionnaire in Turkish NCT04409756 | Betül Tepeli | N/A |
| Unknown | Exergames on Shoulder Pain and Motor Function NCT03716206 | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | N/A |
| Unknown | Effectiveness of Dry Needling as a Treatment of Shoulder Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Spinal Cord Injury Patien NCT03709797 | Universidad de León | N/A |
| Completed | Pain Management of Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With Acute Cholecystitis NCT03708874 | Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital | — |
| Completed | The Influence of a Cognitive Behavioral Approach on Changing Patient Expectations in Shoulder Pain NCT03353272 | Duke University | N/A |
| Completed | Rotator Cuff Pathway NCT03717753 | Hospital for Special Surgery, New York | N/A |
| Completed | Scapular Movement Training Versus General Exercises for Individuals With Shoulder Pain NCT03528499 | Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos | N/A |