NCT06969937

Ketamine and Neurofeedback as Combined Therapeutic Interventions to Target Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alcohol Use Disorder

Phase II, Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Double Blind, Parallel Group, Single Centre Study Investigating Ketamine and Neurofeedback as Combined Therapeutic Interventions to Target Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alcohol Use Disorder

• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 2
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 75 (estimated)
• Sponsor: Dr. med. Marcus Herdener · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 18 Years – 65 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the effects of the combination of ketamine and realtime functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback training on the treatment of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The main questions the investigators aim to answer are: * Can the investigators observe a positive, significant therapeutic effect by comparing changes in alcohol use via i) mean alcohol use per day, ii) heavy drinking days one month after the last treatment intervention? * Are changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens related to cue-induced cravings in individuals with AUD? * Is there a significant, ketamine-dependent change in glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens? Participants will be given ketamine or placebo and real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NFT) or sham rt-fMRI NFT. The investigators will compare three intervention groups to investigate the effects of the stand-alone effects as well as potential synergies between the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention.

Detailed description

For decades, addiction research has focused predominantly on the dopaminergic system. However, preclinical research suggests that alterations of glutamatergic neurotransmission within the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are crucial for cue-induced drug-seeking behavior, at least in animal models of addiction (Kalivas, 2009). In line with this, three randomized controlled trials have been conducted exploring ketamine as a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) or harmful drinking, each combining ketamine with either memory retrieval destabilization procedures or psychological therapy (Dakwar et al., 2020a; Das et al., 2019a; Grabski et al., 2022a). While ketamine consistently reduced alcohol use in these studies, the variability in treatment responses highlights the need for further investigation into the role of the glutamate system in AUD as well as optimal treatment approaches that maximize safety and efficacy for patients. Given the significant need to advance both mechanistic and clinical understanding of AUD, this study aims to: (1) explore the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in AUD; (2) determine whether ketamine can modulate potentially pathophysiological altered glutamate neurotransmission, and how such modulation may be influenced by ketamine metabolism ; and (3) optimize ketamine as a treatment for AUD by leveraging synergies between the additional biological mechanism of action of ketamine (i.e., induced neuroplasticity) and a targeted non-pharmacological neuromodulatory intervention, such as neurofeedback training (NFT), to maximize clinical outcomes. To evaluate both the mechanistic and therapeutic effects of a single ketamine infusion and rt-fMRI NFT as well as their combined application on AUD, we will assess glutamatergic signalling in the NAcc, changes in neuroplasticity via BDNF, inter-individual differences in the metabolism of ketamine, and clinical symptoms in individuals with AUD. Therefore, in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, parallel group, single centre study we investigate the extend to which a single administration of ketamine and neurofeedback training, as well as the combination of the two interventions can restore neurobiological changes related to alcoholism and what effect this new treatment method has on the symptoms of AUD.

Conditions

• Alcohol Abuse/Dependence
• Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
• Alcoholism

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
DRUG	Ketamine	A single dose of ketamine 0.8 mg ketamine (i.v.) per kilogram bodyweight
BEHAVIORAL	Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback Training	Participants will undergo a closed-loop rt-fMRI paradigm over 25 minutes. Participants will be instructed to use strategies to downregulate cue-induced cravings. The Intensity of cues will adjust based on the participants neural activity in response to cues. This dynamic feedback mechanism allows for personalized training aimed at improving the participant's ability to manage cravings.
DRUG	Placebo	Single dose of placebo (0.9% NaCl infusion)
BEHAVIORAL	Sham Neurofeedback Training/ Ketamine	Participants get a real time neurofeedback based on a control regions' activity, which serves as a sham region and receive 0.8 mg ketamine (i.v.) per kilogram bodyweight. The use of sham-NFT allows for a rigorous assessment of the specific effects of combined rt-fMRI NFT and ketamine by controlling for non-specific factors such as expectancy effects or the therapeutic context.

Timeline

• Start date: 2025-06-01
• Primary completion: 2026-12-01
• Completion: 2026-12-01
• First posted: 2025-05-14
• Last updated: 2025-12-05

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Switzerland