NCT07509723

Moulage Technique in Child Abuse Recognition

The Role of Moulage Technique in Identifying Physical Abuse in Children: A Randomized Controlled Study With Nursing Students

• Status: Not Yet Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 70 (estimated)
• Sponsor: Atlas University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 18 Years – 25 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

Early recognition of physical abuse in children is essential for ensuring child safety and preventing further harm. However, distinguishing abuse-related injuries from accidental findings can be challenging, especially for nursing students who have limited clinical experience. Simulation-based educational methods may provide safe and effective environments for developing these skills. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moulage-based simulation training in improving nursing students' ability to recognize signs of physical abuse in children. The study will use a randomized controlled design in which students will be assigned to either a moulage-based simulation group or a control group receiving standard theoretical education. After a lecture on child physical abuse within the Child Health and Pediatric Nursing course, students will participate in laboratory practice sessions. The intervention group will assess a pediatric mannequin prepared with simulated abuse findings using moulage techniques. Students' knowledge and recognition of physical abuse indicators will be evaluated before and after the intervention. The study seeks to determine whether moulage-based education improves nursing students' recognition of physical abuse findings and supports the development of clinical assessment skills.

Detailed description

Child abuse is a significant global public health problem and may occur in various forms, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as well as neglect. Physical abuse in children may manifest through a wide range of clinical findings such as bruises, burns, bite marks, cuts, fractures, and head injuries. Because these findings may sometimes be confused with other medical conditions or accidental injuries, it is critically important for healthcare professionals to accurately recognize signs of physical trauma in order to ensure the early protection of children. Nurses frequently represent the first point of contact between abused children and the healthcare system and therefore play a key role in identifying trauma-related findings. For this reason, simulation-based educational strategies have gained increasing importance in nursing education to strengthen students' clinical observation and decision-making skills. Among these strategies, moulage is a makeup-based simulation technique that realistically replicates physical trauma findings such as bruises, burns, lacerations, and bite marks. By creating realistic clinical scenarios, moulage allows students to practice recognizing injury patterns and improves their ability to assess potential abuse cases. Educational simulations using moulage can enhance students' engagement, facilitate experiential learning, and provide opportunities to practice clinical assessment skills in a safe learning environment. Such applications may contribute to improved recognition of trauma-related findings and support the development of professional competencies required for identifying possible child abuse cases. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moulage-based simulation in improving nursing students' ability to recognize physical abuse findings in children. Within this framework, simulated physical abuse findings will be created on a pediatric mannequin using moulage techniques, and students will be asked to conduct a general physical assessment of the child. The effectiveness of this method will be compared with a traditional educational approach based on watching film scenes that include examples of physical abuse indicators. The study will be conducted within the Child Health and Pediatric Nursing course at a university in Istanbul between December 2025 and February 2026. Students participating in the course will be randomly assigned to either a moulage-based simulation group or a film-based learning group. Following the educational interventions, students' knowledge, attitudes, communication skills, and learning experiences related to child abuse recognition will be evaluated using standardized assessment tools. This research seeks to determine whether moulage-based simulation provides a more effective learning environment for recognizing signs of physical abuse in children. In addition, the study aims to explore how simulation-based training contributes to students' professional competencies in identifying potential abuse cases and to identify possible challenges encountered during the learning process.

Conditions

• Nursing Education
• Simulation of Physical Illness
• Child Physical Abuse, Suspected, Sequela

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
OTHER	Moulage Technique Group	Makeup (moulage) will be applied to a 3-5-year-old mannequin by an expert trained in moulage techniques. The application will be based on visual examples of physical abuse findings presented in the book "Physical Signs of Child Abuse" (Hobbs \& Wynne, 2001), which serves as an atlas commonly used in healthcare studies for identifying physical signs and lesions associated with child abuse. Students will then be asked to perform a "general physical assessment of the child" on the mannequin with the applied moulage injuries.
OTHER	movie group	Control group watches film clips showing physical abuse signs to support learning and discussion. A total of 30 minutes of selected clips from three films depicting physical abuse (Sleepers, Antwone Fisher, The Tale) will be shown. These clips include visual examples of physical abuse indicators, such as bruises, repeated injury marks (e.g., belt buckle marks, stick marks), and soft tissue injuries. The films will be shown only within the scope of the study and not as part of the course curriculum.

Timeline

• Start date: 2026-04-10
• Primary completion: 2026-06-15
• Completion: 2026-06-30
• First posted: 2026-04-03
• Last updated: 2026-04-03

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Turkey (Türkiye)