NCT07392385

Neuro-Psychophysiological Characteristics of Athletes With Varying Levels of Experience

Effects of Volleyball-Specific Stroboscopic Training on Neuro-Psychophysiological Responses Across Different Experience Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 42 (actual)
• Sponsor: Bozok University · Academic / Other
• Sex: Female
• Age: 10 Years – 16 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week volleyball-specific stroboscopic training program on neuro-psychophysiological outcomes in female volleyball players with different levels of competitive experience. Participants will be categorized as novice, intermediate, or elite athletes and randomly assigned to either a stroboscopic training group or a control group. Both groups will continue their regular volleyball training, while only the intervention group will perform additional volleyball-specific drills using stroboscopic glasses. Neuro-psychophysiological assessments, including heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, dual-task performance, and eye-tracking measures, will be conducted before and after the training period. The study aims to determine whether stroboscopic training induces differential adaptations across experience levels and contributes to improved neuro-psychophysiological regulation associated with sport performance.

Detailed description

This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of volleyball-specific stroboscopic training on neuro-psychophysiological outcomes in athletes with different levels of competitive experience. Female volleyball players aged 10-16 years will be classified into three experience-based groups (novice, intermediate, and elite) according to their training history. Within each experience level, participants will be randomly assigned to either a stroboscopic training group or a control group, resulting in six study groups in total. All participants will continue their routine volleyball training throughout the study period. In addition, athletes in the intervention group will complete an 8-week volleyball-specific stroboscopic training program, performed three times per week for a total of 24 sessions. Each training session will last approximately 35 minutes and will consist of volleyball-related drills, including passing, setting, receiving, rotation-based movements, and reaction-based tasks. Participants in the stroboscopic training group will perform these drills while wearing stroboscopic glasses with progressively adjusted visual disruption parameters, whereas the control group will perform the same drills under normal visual conditions. Neuro-psychophysiological assessments will be conducted before and after the training period. Primary and secondary outcome measures will include heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings of prefrontal cortical activity, dual-task performance under varying levels of cognitive-motor demand, and eye-tracking parameters such as pupil diameter and fixation behavior. Psychological measures will also be collected using validated self-report instruments. All measurements will be performed under standardized laboratory conditions. The study aims to determine whether stroboscopic training leads to differential neuro-psychophysiological adaptations across experience levels and whether such adaptations are associated with improved regulation of cognitive, physiological, and perceptual-motor processes relevant to volleyball performance.

Conditions

• Athletes
• Sports Performance
• Visual-Motor Processing
• Neuro-Psychophysiological Responses in Athletes

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
BEHAVIORAL	Stroboscopic Volleyball Training	Participants will perform volleyball-specific training drills while wearing stroboscopic glasses that intermittently restrict visual input. The training will be conducted three times per week for 8 weeks, totaling 24 sessions. Each session will last approximately 35 minutes and will include volleyball-specific drills such as passing, setting, receiving, rotation-based movements, and reaction-based tasks. Visual disruption parameters of the stroboscopic glasses will be progressively adjusted throughout the intervention period.
BEHAVIORAL	Conventional Volleyball Training (Control)	Participants will perform the same volleyball-specific training drills as the intervention group for 8 weeks under normal visual conditions, without the use of stroboscopic glasses. Training frequency, duration, and drill content will be matched to the intervention group.

Timeline

• Start date: 2025-03-03
• Primary completion: 2025-06-14
• Completion: 2025-06-21
• First posted: 2026-02-06
• Last updated: 2026-02-06

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Turkey (Türkiye)