NCT07347184

The Effect of TOAP in Children With CP

The Effect of Task-Oriented Aquatherapy Program (TOAP) on Occupational Performance and Participation in Children With Cerebral Palsy

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 12 (actual)
• Sponsor: Hacettepe University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 6 Years – 18 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

This study investigates the effects of a task-oriented aquatherapy program (TOAP) on occupational performance, participation, and motivation in children with cerebral palsy. The program was designed based on each child's individually prioritized occupations identified through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Twelve children participated in a crossover design. Each child received both the TOAP intervention and conventional rehabilitation exercises in two separate 16-week periods. Interventions were delivered twice per week for 40 minutes per session. Outcomes included occupational performance (COPM), participation (PODCI), and motivation (PMOT). The study aims to provide evidence on whether personalized, meaningful, task-oriented aquatic exercises can improve functional performance and participation in children with cerebral palsy, and to offer structured TOAP protocols for clinicians.

Detailed description

This study employed an interventional crossover desing to evaluate the effects of a task-oriented aquatherapy program (TOAP) on occupational performance, participate and motivation in children with cerebral palsy. The intervention was grounded in occupational therapy principles and structured according to the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model with an emphasis on meaningful, child-selected occupations performed in an aquatic environment. Individualized intervention goals were determined prior to the intervention using occupations prioritized by each participant through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Based on these prioritized occupations, a structured TOAP was developed for each child. The program incorporated task-oriented aquatic activities designed to support functional movement, postural control, balance and engagement while emphasizing active participation and motivation during therapy sessions. The study consisted of two consecutive 16-week intervention periods. During the first period, one group received the TOAP intervention while the comparison group received conventional rehabilitation exercises commonly used in pediatric neurorehabilitation. Following completion of the first period, the groups crossed over and received the alternate intervention in the second period. This crossover, structure allowed each participant to serve as their own control, thereby reducing inter-individual variability. All intervention sessions were conducted twice weekly, with each sessions lasting 40 minutes. Interventions were delivered by trained clinicians in an aquatic therapy setting. Outcome assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the each intervention period to evaluate changes associated with each treatment condition. The study protocol was desinged to examine whether a personalized, task-oriented aquatic intervention grounded in meaningful occupations could enhance occupational performance, participation and motivation in children with cerebral palsy and to inform the development of structured aquatic intervention approaches applicable to clinical practice.

Conditions

• Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
BEHAVIORAL	Task-Oriented Aquatherapy Program	A 16-week program where each child engages in activities tailored to their five most important occupations, identified via COPM. Sessions are 40 minutes, twice weekly, focused on improving occupational performance, participation, and motivation. The program is structured, individualized, and designed to enhance engagement and functional outcomes in children with CP.
OTHER	Conventional Rehabilitation Exercise	Participants received standard rehabilitation exercises including activities to improve gross and fine motor skills, balance, coordination, muscle strength, joint range of motion, and cardiovascular capacity.

Timeline

• Start date: 2022-06-06
• Primary completion: 2023-05-23
• Completion: 2023-05-23
• First posted: 2026-01-16
• Last updated: 2026-01-16

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Turkey (Türkiye)