NCT07334925

Wearable Devices for Early Detection of Postoperative Infection

A Systematic Review of Wearable Infection Detection Wristbands for Postoperative Patients: Evaluating the Efficacy of WBC and CRP Monitoring and AI-Assisted Early Detection

• Status: Completed
• Phase: —
• Study type: Observational
• Enrollment: 1,284 (actual)
• Sponsor: Benha University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 18 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy, accuracy, and clinical applicability of wearable infection detection wristbands in postoperative patients across ophthalmology, orthopaedic surgery, and general surgery. The review focuses on devices capable of monitoring inflammatory biomarkers-particularly white blood cell (WBC) counts and C-reactive protein (CRP)-and examines the added value of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for early infection detection. The study synthesizes available evidence on clinical outcomes, predictive accuracy, usability, and feasibility of biosensor-based infection surveillance in postoperative care. It is expected to provide an evidence-based framework for integrating wearable biosensors into perioperative management protocols and to guide future multicenter clinical validation studies.

Detailed description

Postoperative infection remains one of the most common and serious complications following surgical procedures. Early detection of infection is critical for optimizing outcomes and reducing morbidity. Conventional laboratory monitoring using intermittent WBC and CRP testing is invasive and time-dependent, often delaying timely clinical intervention. Recent advances in wearable biosensor technology have enabled continuous, non-invasive monitoring of physiological and biochemical parameters. Several wearable platforms are now capable of detecting early inflammatory changes through electrochemical or optical sensing, with CRP being the most validated biomarker. Integration of AI algorithms further enhances predictive performance by analyzing complex data patterns and providing early alerts to clinicians. This systematic review adheres to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and aims to consolidate available clinical and experimental evidence on wearable biosensors capable of postoperative infection detection, emphasizing WBC and CRP monitoring wristbands and AI-assisted analysis. By synthesizing data from ophthalmology, orthopaedics, and general surgery, the review will assess diagnostic accuracy, clinical outcomes, and feasibility of these technologies in diverse healthcare contexts. The findings are expected to inform future research directions, highlight existing technological gaps, and propose recommendations for clinical implementation and regulatory validation.

Conditions

• Wearable Devices

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
DIAGNOSTIC_TEST	White Blood Cell (WBC)	Detected by wearable device
DIAGNOSTIC_TEST	C-reactive Protein (CRP)	detected by wearable device

Timeline

• Start date: 2025-07-01
• Primary completion: 2025-10-26
• Completion: 2025-10-27
• First posted: 2026-01-12
• Last updated: 2026-01-12

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Egypt