NCT06565533

Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Virtual Reality and Retrogressive Imagery on Basketball Free Throw Performance and Self-efficacy Among University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

A Randomized Controlled Trial Was Conducted With Participants Divided Into Three Groups: RETI, VR, and a Control Group. The RETI Group Visualized Successful FT Scenarios, the VR Group Practiced FTs in a Simulated Game Environment, and the Control Group Continued Regular Practice. Measurements Were Taken Before and After the Interventions Using Standard FT Performance Tests and the FTSE Questionnaire. Statistical Analyses, Including Mixed Factorial ANOVA, Were Performed to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Interventions.

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 45 (actual)
• Sponsor: Wu Jiarun · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 17 Years – 23 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of mental training techniques in sports. By demonstrating the effectiveness of RETI and VR in improving FT performance and FTSE, this study provides valuable insights for coaches, athletes, and sports psychologists.

Conditions

• RETI
• VR
• FTSE

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
BEHAVIORAL	Retrogressive imagery (RETI)	Week 1-2: Participants were asked to imagine a complete version of the FT imagery script included: a) Visualizing the court lines, the basket, and themselves standing at the free-throw line, focusing on their shooting technique. b) Imagining teammates and opponents positioned around the key, noting the main colors in the scene c) Imagining the coach standing on the sideline encouraging them, and paying attention to the sounds of the audience and the cheers from a close friend in the stands. d) Visualizing a high-pressure situation, experiencing the emotions felt during a real game with one second left on the clock, trailing by one point, with the game's outcome depending on their FT shot. Week 3-4: The exception of content "d"from the full script. Week 5-6: The exception of content "c""d"from the full script. Week 7-8: The exception of content "b""c""d"from the full script.
BEHAVIORAL	Virtual Reality (VR)	Standing on a lifelike full-sized basketball court, they observe smooth flooring and clear markings. Teammates and opponents don variously colored uniforms, while referees stand ready at the sidelines. Referees position teammates and opponents around the basket as participants feel the texture and weight of the basketball in their hands, as if gripping it for real. The sounds of cheering spectators and encouraging shouts from teammates and coaches further enhance their focus. Participants adjust their stance, noticing beads of sweat trickling down their arms as they prepare for the FT. With bent knees, they ready themselves for the shot, exerting every ounce of their strength as the ball leaves their hands and soars towards the basket. As the ball accurately swishes through the net, the crowd erupts into thunderous applause, and the scoreboard's change in score brings an overwhelming sense of joyous victory.

Timeline

• Start date: 2023-11-05
• Primary completion: 2024-01-05
• Completion: 2024-06-10
• First posted: 2024-08-22
• Last updated: 2024-08-22

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Malaysia