NCT05530811

Dexamethasone as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block

Comparative Study Between Dexamethasone Plus Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine in Management of Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block in Cleft Palate Patients.

• Status: Unknown
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 34 (estimated)
• Sponsor: Assiut University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 1 Year – 9 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

Postoperative pain score, Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) is the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes are the first-time requested analgesia, the number of children required analgesia, the total amount of analgesic requirements during first the 24 hours.

Detailed description

Congenital cleft palate (CP) occurs in children at a rate of about 1.5 per 10 000 births , requiring early surgery, during the first months of life. The surgical procedure can be complicated by airway obstruction and respiratory complications. CP is painful in the first 24-48 hours following surgery. Different treatment modalities have been used for reducing or ameliorating the pain following cleft palate repair. These include opioids, paracetamol, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the analgesic drugs may provide inadequate analgesia and have side effects such as respiratory depression and bleeding. The inherent disadvantages of analgesic pharmacotherapy in children promoted interest in nerve blocking techniques for operative analgesia. The maxillary nerve, the second division of the trigeminal nerve, leaves the cranial part of the face through the foramen rotundum, and then passes forward and laterally through the pterygopalatine fossa, at the bottom of the pterygomaxillary fossa, and reaches the floor of the orbit by the infra-orbital foramen. This sensory nerve supplies innervation of the lower eyelid, the upper lip, the skin between them, the roof of the mouth, and the palate. Bilateral infra-orbital nerve block is clearly inefficient for anesthesia of the posterior part of the palate (hard palate). The infrazygomatic route of the maxillary block, useful for trigeminal neuralgia, can present several risks such as penetration of the orbit or the skull and accidental maxillary artery puncture. The palatine nerve block could be efficient for analgesia following cleft palate repair, but the technique requires identifying the first molar, which is absent in infants. Finally, submucosal infiltration performed by the surgeon seems to alter surgical conditions. Maxillary nerve block using the suprazygomatic approach has demonstrated beneficial effects in adults for trigeminal neuralgia and limits the risks related to the procedure.

Conditions

• Nerve Block

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
DRUG	Dexamethasone	The suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block approach will be performed with a 27-gauge 38-mm needle following aseptic preparation of the skin and using the anatomical landmarks. The puncture site will be at the frontozygomatic angle formed by the zygomatic arch and posterior orbital rim. After inserting the needle perpendicular to the skin and contacting the greater wing of the sphenoid (approximately 20 mm deep), the needle will be partially withdrawn, reoriented approximately 20° anterior and 10° inferior, and advanced 35 to 38 mm to direct the needle into the pterygopalatine fossa. After negative blood aspiration, the prepared solution will be injected over 20 s on each side. Massage of injection point with pressure for 2 min will be done. No additional local anesthetic will be injected by the surgeon either peri-incisional or submucosal.
DRUG	Bupivacaine	0.5% bupivacaine

Timeline

• Start date: 2023-04-01
• Primary completion: 2024-10-01
• Completion: 2025-03-01
• First posted: 2022-09-07
• Last updated: 2023-02-22