NCT04959175

Phase I/II Study to Reduce Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide Dosing for Older or Unfit Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies

• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 1 / Phase 2
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 320 (estimated)
• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) · NIH
• Sex: All
• Age: 12 Years – 85 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

Background: Certain blood cancers can be treated with blood or bone marrow transplants. Sometimes the donor cells attack the recipient's body, called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide helps reduce the risk and severity of GVHD. Researchers want to learn if using a lower dose of cyclophosphamide may reduce the drug's side effects while maintaining its effectiveness. Such an approach is being used in an ongoing clinical study at the NIH with promising results, but this approach has not been tested for transplants using lower doses of chemotherapy/radiation prior to the transplant. Objective: To learn if using a lower dose of cyclophosphamide will help people have a successful transplant and have fewer problems and side effects. Eligibility: Adults ages 18-85 who have a blood cancer that did not respond well to standard treatments or is at high risk for relapse without transplant, and their donors. Design: Participants may be screened with the following: Medical history Physical exam Blood and urine tests Heart and lung tests Body imaging scans (they may get a contrast agent) Spinal tap Bone marrow biopsy Participants will be hospitalized for 4-6 weeks. They will have a central venous catheter placed in a chest or neck vein. It will be used to give medicines, transfusions, and the donor cells, and to take blood. In the week before transplant, they will get 2 chemotherapy drugs and radiation. After the transplant, they will get the study drug for 2 days. They will take other drugs for up to 2 months. Participants must stay near NIH for 3 months after discharge for weekly study visits. Then they will have visits every 3-12 months until 5 years after transplant. Participants and donors will give blood, bone marrow, saliva, cheek swab, urine, and stool samples for research.

Detailed description

Background: With novel therapies for hematologic malignancies, an increasing number of older and/or less fit patients are achieving remissions, but these new therapies are not curative, making consolidation approaches with curative intent such as allogeneic transplantation necessary. Frailty is a phenotype that predicts a patient s intolerance of physiologic stressors and may predict a patient s tolerance of intensive consolidative strategies. Frailty phenotype, though increasing in incidence in older patients, can occur in younger patients and may predict poor survival after allogeneic transplantation. We have yet to define the ideal allogeneic transplantation regimen for older patients or those with frailty or pre-frail phenotypes. Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) reduces rates of severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and safely facilitates human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched-related, HLA-matched-unrelated, HLA-mismatched-unrelated, and HLA-haploidentical HCT; it has become the most widely adopted change to transplantation platforms over the last decade. When clinically translated, the dose (50 mg/kg/day) of PTCy used was partly extrapolated from murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched skin allografting models and was partly empirical. In both MHC-haploidentical and MHC-disparate murine HCT models, a dose of 25 mg/kg/day was superior to 50 mg/kg/day on days +3 and +4 in terms of GVHD severity and mortality. Lower dosing of PTCy also was associated with less broad reductions of T-cell numbers after PTCy and lower toxicity than higher dosing. In patients on an NIH study using myeloablative conditioning, a dose of 25 mg/kg/day has been associated with more rapid engraftment and potentially better immune function without an increase in severe acute GVHD. Objectives: Determine whether PTCy 25 mg/kg on days +3 and +4 can maintain adequate protection against grade III-IV acute GVHD and reduce toxicity associated with transplantation in older and/or unfit transplant recipients receiving reduced intensity conditioned allogeneic HCT. Determine the frailty measures associated with outcomes after allogeneic transplantation. Eligibility: Histologically or cytologically confirmed hematologic malignancy with standard indication for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Age 60-85 years, or age 18-60 years and unfit for myeloablative conditioning (MAC). At least one potentially suitable HLA-matched related, HLA-haploidentical donor, HLA-matched unrelated, or \>=5/10 HLA-mismatched unrelated donor. Karnofsky performance score \>=60 Adequate organ function Design: Open-label, multi-center, non-randomized, phase I/II study There will be four separate arms: HLA-matched elderly, HLA-matched young/infirm, HLA-partially matched elderly, and HLA-partially matched young/infirm All subjects will receive nonmyeloablative conditioning consisting of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation; GVHD prophylaxis with PTCy 25 mg/kg on days +3 and +4, MMF, and sirolimus; and bone marrow as the stem cell source Subjects will be evaluated for development of grade III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day +60 as the dose-limiting toxicities for the Simon two-stage design. Dose escalation of PTCy will be permitted within each arm if stopping rules are met at the 25 mg/kg/day on days +3 and +4 dose. Frailty assessments will be performed prior to transplantation conditioning and serially after allogeneic transplantation.

Conditions

• Hematologic Neoplasms

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
DRUG	Mycophenolate Mofetil	15 mg/kg orally or IV three times daily (max 1000 mg/dose) starting on day +5, continued through day +35. May be continued beyond the protocol specified stop date if there is GVHD or mixed chimerism.
PROCEDURE	Allogeneic HSCT	Stem cell transplant
DRUG	Fludarabine	30 mg/m2 IV infusion over 30-60 minutes once daily for 5 days (Pre-Transplant days -6 through -2).
DRUG	Sirolimus	Loading dose of 6 mg orally given on day +5 (calculated based on actual body weight, max initial dose 6 mg), then maintenance dose starting at 2 mg orally daily on day +6 with dose adjustments to maintain a trough of 5-12 ng/ml, continued through day +60 with no taper. May be continued beyond the protocol specified stop date if there is GVHD or mixed chimerism.
DRUG	Filgrastim	begins on day +5 at a dose of 5 mcg/kg/day (actual body weight) IV or subcutaneously, until the absolute neutrophil count is \> 1,000/mm3 over the course of three days or \> 5,000/mm3 on one day. Rounding to the nearest vial is allowed. G-CSF may be stopped early or not administered if required by the clinical circumstance. Additional G-CSF may be administered as warranted.
DRUG	Cyclophosphamide	Pre-transplant: 14.5 mg/kg/day IV daily for 2 days pre-transplant (Pre-Transplant days -6 and -5). Post-transplant: 25 mg/kg/day or 35 mg/kg/day (Post-transplant days +3 and +4).
DRUG	Mesna	25 or 35 mg/kg (equal to the cyclophosphamide dose) as IV infusion concomitant with cyclophosphamide. Mesna may or may not be given with the pre-transplant cyclophosphamide depending on institutional practice.
PROCEDURE	Total Body Irradiation (TBI)	400 centigray (cGy) to be delivered in 2 fractions as 200 cGy per fraction twice daily. Pre-Transplant Day -1 (or Day 0 prior to graft administration)

Timeline

• Start date: 2021-09-23
• Primary completion: 2027-04-27
• Completion: 2027-04-30
• First posted: 2021-07-13
• Last updated: 2026-04-09

Locations

2 sites across 1 country: United States

Regulatory

• FDA-regulated drug study