NCT03639974

Positive Expiratory Pressure With Blow-bottle Device Versus EPAP After Postoperative Cardiac Surgery

Expiratory Positive Pressure With Blow-bottle Device Versus Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) in Patients After Postoperative Cardiac Surgery: Randomized Clinical Trial

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 163 (actual)
• Sponsor: Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 18 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

Cardiac surgery is a recommended therapeutic option as a form of secondary prevention for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but may present postoperative alterations such as reduction of pulmonary volumes and flows, impairment in gas exchange and increase in the rate of pulmonary complications. The use of positive pressure may reduce these complications. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) in the blow-bottle device compared to expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), both associated with conventional physiotherapy, and conventional physiotherapy in the pulmonary function in postoperative cardiac patients through a randomized clinical trial. Methods: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (CAEE: 70213617.6.0000.5327). Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized into three groups: positive expiratory pressure with blow-bottle device associated with conventional physiotherapy (G1), positive expiratory pressure in the airways with unidirectional valve associated with conventional physiotherapy (G2), and the third group only the conventional physiotherapy of HCPA cardiac intensive care unit (G3). Initially, an evaluation was performed through spirometry, manovacuometry, radiological changes in the preoperative period, prior to the interventions (immediate postoperative) and on the third postoperative day, immediately prior to cardiac intensive care unit discharge. Pulmonary complications were assessed on the third postoperative day, and length of stay (at the Intensive Care Unit and hospital) were recorded untill discharge.

Detailed description

Cardiac surgery is a recommended therapeutic option as a form of secondary prevention for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but may present postoperative alterations such as reduction of pulmonary volumes and flows, impairment in gas exchange and increase in the rate of pulmonary complications. The use of positive pressure may reduce these complications. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) in the blow-bottle device compared to expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), both associated with conventional physiotherapy, and conventional physiotherapy in the pulmonary function in postoperative cardiac patients. Methods:This is a randomized clinical trial, with patients in postoperative cardiac surgery. On the first day of postoperative, the patients will be randomized into three groups: 1 group that will receive positive expiratory pressure with blow-bottle device associated with conventional physiotherapy; 2- group that will receive positive expiratory pressure in the airways with valve unidirectional therapy associated with conventional physiotherapy; 3- group that will only receive conventional physiotherapy. The intervention of the positive expiratory pressure with blow-bottle device group will consist of exercise with a blow-bottle device of 10 cm high; the positive expiratory pressure in the airways group, exercise with unidirectional positive expiratory pressure valve (10cmH2O). Both the groups will perform three sets of 10 repetitions per day, by the third day of PO. The third group will receive conventional physiotherapy of intensive care unit. The outcomes evaluated will be: pulmonary function (primary), respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary complications, radiological changes and length of stay (at the Intensive CareUnit - ICU - and hospital). Assessment of pulmonary function, muscle strength and radiological changes will be performed in the preoperative period, prior to the interventions and on the third postoperative day, immediately prior to discharge of cardiac intensive care unit. Pulmonary complications and ICU length of stay will be recorded after discharge from intensive care unit cardiac. The length of hospital stay was recorded after hospital discharge.

Conditions

• Thoracic Surgery

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
OTHER	PEP in a blow-bottle device	A 500-milliliter enteral nutrition vial will be used, which will contain a hole in the side, where two silicone tubes of 20 centimeters long will be inserted together with tape on the bottleneck of the vial. To perform the exercise, the vial will be filled with water leaving a water column of 10 cm high. Deep inspirations will be requested at a volume greater than the tidal volume and less than the total lung capacity that can be performed via nasal or oral, then with the mouth connected to the extensors, the patient will exhale slowly, avoiding to totally empty the lungs. The protocol will be executed twice a day, three sets of ten repetitions. The group will receive the conventional physiotherapy of the cardiac intensive care unit of the HCPA.
OTHER	EPAP	The Vital Signs ® EPAP kit will be used. Exercises will be performed in the bed, and as soon as the patient is released by the medical team to leave the bed, they can be performed in the sitting position or in orthostasis. For performing the exercise, the EPAP mask will be connected to the face of the patient. The expiratory pressure will be adjusted to 10cmH2O. Deep inspirations will be requested at a volume greater than the tidal volume and below the total lung capacity, then the patient will exhale slowly. The protocol will be executed twice a day, three sets of ten repetitions. The group will receive the conventional physiotherapy of the cardiac intensive care unit of the HCPA, as described in the conventional physiotherapy group.
OTHER	conventional physiotherapy	Conventional physical therapy consists of ventilatory exercises, bronchial hygiene techniques, passive, active-assisted or active exercises for upper and lower limbs, and resisted lower limb exercises; stretching, cough and walking guidelines. Initially the exercises will be performed in the bed, as soon as this is withdrawn and the patient is released by the medical team to leave the bed, the progression of the exercises to be performed in the sitting position, orthostasis, and ambulation is performed, this usually occurs on the 2nd postoperative day, after the removal of the mediastinal drain . Under supervision of the physiotherapist, the protocol will be performed twice daily, two sets of ten repetitions.

Timeline

• Start date: 2018-08-01
• Primary completion: 2019-05-20
• Completion: 2019-08-23
• First posted: 2018-08-21
• Last updated: 2019-12-10

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Brazil