NCT03630445

Slowly Digestible Carbohydrates and the Ileal Brake

Impact of Slowly Digestible Carbohydrates on Gastric Emptying Rate Suggests Activation of Ileal Brake Response

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 20 (actual)
• Sponsor: Purdue University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 18 Years – 50 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

The ileal brake is a feedback mechanism controlling stomach-mediated transit of a meal, for which gastric emptying can be used as an indicator. Previously, slowly digestible carbohydrates (SDCs) were shown to activate the ileal brake in a rat model; the current research aimed to determine the effect of common SDCs in humans.

Detailed description

Diets containing slowly digestible carbohydrates (SDCs), in the form of starch-entrapped microspheres that digest into the ileum, were previously shown to reduce food intake in a diet-induced obese rat model by activating the gut-brain axis. These results suggested that SDCs trigger the ileal brake, which is a feedback mechanism controlling stomach-mediated transit of a meal. The ileal brake is characterized by delayed gastric emptying rate and increased satiety. The goal of this work was to determine if common SDCs trigger the ileal brake in humans, using gastric emptying rate as a proxy indicator. In a human study, SDCs were delivered through a semi-solid yogurt matrix, and gastric half-emptying time and postprandial glycemic response were assessed. The study was a five-arm, double-blind, crossover design with a one-week washout period between treatments (n=20, 9 females, 11 males). Four different carbohydrate ingredients (SDCs: isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO), Xtend® sucromalt, and raw corn starch; and non-SDC: maltodextrin) were incorporated individually, or in combination, into yogurt products matched in energy density and viscosity. Participants consumed 300 g test meals of yogurt formulated with one or a combination of the carbohydrate ingredients after an overnight fast. Gastric emptying rates and glycemic response were measured using a 13C-labeled octanoic acid breath test and continuous glucose monitors, respectively. Glucose readings were continuously monitored 24 h prior to and 48 h after test meal consumption, and breath samples were collected for a 4 h period following test meal consumption.

Conditions

• Obesity
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Appetitive Behavior

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
OTHER	Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs)	Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) incorporated into yogurt were tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability.
OTHER	Xtend® sucromalt	Xtend® sucromalt incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability.
OTHER	Combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt	A combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability.
OTHER	Raw corn starch	Raw corn starch incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability.
OTHER	Maltodextrin	Maltodextrin incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability.

Timeline

• Start date: 2015-06-02
• Primary completion: 2015-07-31
• Completion: 2015-07-31
• First posted: 2018-08-14
• Last updated: 2021-03-10

Locations

1 site across 1 country: United States