NCT03154606

The Effects of Protein Source on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Subsequent Food Intake

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 35 (actual)
• Sponsor: Purdue University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 20 Years – 40 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

The investigators propose a randomized, tightly-controlled breakfast trial in normal to overweight adults that will test whether the consumption of various types of protein-rich meals, containing \~24g of protein, will differentially alter food intake and meal initiation through proposed appetite and satiety mechanisms. Aim 1: To examine whether the consumption of protein-rich meals that vary in protein quality (source) effect: 1. postprandial feelings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption 2. postprandial fluctuations in key appetite and satiety hormones 3. eating initiation (i.e., motivation to eat (again)) 4. food cravings Aim 2: To examine whether the consumption of protein-rich meals that vary in protein quality (source) effect: 1. energy intake and food choice within the breakfast meal 2. energy intake and food choice at the next eating occasion 3. energy intake and food choice across the entire day

Detailed description

Experimental Design: For 3 consecutive days/pattern, the participants will consume the respective treatment, at home, between 7-9 am and refrain from eating or drinking anything other than water until 12:00pm. On day 3, the participants will consume a standardized dinner at home the night before testing. On day 4, the participants will report to the research facility between 6-8 am to complete each 5-h testing day. Upon arrival to the facility, each participant will become familiarized with the testing day procedures. At time -15 min, a baseline set of computerized questionnaires (and/or blood samples) will be completed. At time +0 min, the respective breakfast treatment will be provided. Immediately following the first swallow of the breakfast meal, the participants will be given a questionnaire assessing the palatability. The participants will consume the breakfast within 20 min. After breakfast, the participants will continue to complete the questionnaires (and/or blood samples) every 30 min throughout the 5-h postprandial period. Throughout the day, the participants will also indicate if/when they would like to eat again. Regardless of the participants' meal timing request, at +240min post-breakfast, the participants will be provided with an ad libitum lunch. For the lunch meal, the participants will be given 30 min to "consume as much or as little as possible until comfortably full." Following these procedures, the participants will be allowed to leave the facility. The next day, a dietary recall will be performed to assess daily energy intake across the previous day. Lastly, on day 5 (at home), the participants will be provided with their respective breakfast along with additional carbohydrate and/or fat foods. Once the treatment breakfast is consumed, the participants can select and consume as much of the additional foods as they wish to consume within the breakfast time period (30 minutes).

Conditions

• Appetitive Behavior

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
OTHER	Micellar Casein (#1)	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from micellar casein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Micellar Casein (#2)	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from micellar casein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Calcium Caseinate	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from calcium casein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Sodium Caseinate	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from sodium caseinate. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Milk Protein Isolate	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from milk protein caseinate. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Pure Protein Blend	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from pure protein blend. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Whey Protein Isolate	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from whey protein blend. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Native Whey Protein Isolate	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from Native Whey Protein Isolate. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Soy Protein	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from soy protein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Pea Protein	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from pea protein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Native Whey: Micellar Casein (50:50) blend	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from native whey: micellar casein (50:50) blend. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.
OTHER	Carbohydrate Control	The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain predominantly carbohydrates as a control. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

Timeline

• Start date: 2017-03-21
• Primary completion: 2018-07-27
• Completion: 2018-07-27
• First posted: 2017-05-16
• Last updated: 2019-05-02

Locations

1 site across 1 country: United States