NCT02272179

Brief Intervention for Suicide Risk Reduction in High Risk Adolescents

• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 1
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 68 (actual)
• Sponsor: University of Pittsburgh · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 12 Years – 17 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

Adolescent suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death in this age group. There are no validated treatments to decrease the risk of adolescent suicidal behavior, and there are especially no interventions to target the highest risk period for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior, namely during the time of transition from inpatient to outpatient care. This purpose of this project was to develop a novel, brief intervention that can be delivered on an inpatient unit prior to the transition to outpatient care, and augment known factors to protect adolescents from suicidal behavior, and extend the impact of treatment by liaison with the outpatient therapist and the development of a personalized safety plan phone application. This treatment, ASAP, focuses on augmenting adherence to the components of ASAP and outpatient aftercare, development of a personalized Safety Plan, and Affect Protection, through helping the teen and family promote a positive mood, tolerate distress, engage in healthy emotion regulation and access social support.

Detailed description

This 2-site R34 project developed a brief, flexible, manualized intervention with supporting phone app with the purpose of reducing the risk of suicidal behavior in adolescents with high suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt, during the transition from inpatient to outpatient care. This transition period is the highest risk period for attempted and completed suicide. Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of adolescent mortality, and there are currently no established interventions for suicidal teens. By developing a treatment that can be delivered on an inpatient unit prior to the transition to outpatient treatment, we anticipated being able to lower suicidal risk and increase the likelihood that participants will attend subsequent outpatient treatment. In keeping with the priorities of NIMH, this intervention aimed at reducing the risk of suicide and suicidal behavior was trans-diagnostic. We term the intervention ASAP, with anticipated components: (1) Adherence-promoting engagement and adherence to treatment through motivational interviewing; (2) Safety planning; and (3) Affect Protection- selecting from a menu of techniques for maintaining positive affect (e.g. savoring and switching strategies, mobilizing social support, engaging in emotion regulation and distress tolerance skills). Each of these components was delivered within a Motivational Interviewing framework for enhancing intrinsic motivation for change. Treatment was brief (3-5 hours), and flexibly delivered on inpatient units prior to initiation of outpatient treatment. ASAP included the family in the treatment, and a safety plan phone app to extend the impact of treatment was also developed. Innovative features included: (1) delivery of an intervention at a time and place when suicidal risk is highest; (2) augmentation of protective factors against recurrent suicidal behavior, specifically by promoting development of positive affect, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and social support; (3) a Safety plan phone app to extend the impact of treatment; and (4) liaison with the outpatient therapist to ensure continuity of care. This project conducted an RCT of ASAP followed by Aftercare (AC) vs. AC alone to determine ASAP's feasibility, acceptability, impact on proximal targets (e.g., adherence to outpatient care, sleep, positive affect, substance use), suicidal ideation and behavior. In total 68 suicidal adolescents were enrolled, 2 of whom were withdrawn following baseline assessment and were excluded from analyses, resulting in the final study sample size of 66. ASAP, developed with and intended for community clinicians, has the potential to be a sustainable intervention to reduce the burden of adolescent suicidality. Data analyses have been completed and results are being finalized.

Conditions

• Adolescent Behavior

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
BEHAVIORAL	As Safe As Possible	The ASAP (As Safe As Possible) treatment is a brief, intensive intervention initiated during inpatient care and transitioning to outpatient care. The intervention focuses on 1) using motivational interviewing (MI) strategies throughout care; 2) developing a safety plan, including adapting the plan to an interactive safety plan phone app, Brite); and 3) using treatment modules to target specific risk factors that are selected based on individual need.
BEHAVIORAL	Brite	Brite is a HIPAA-compliant mobile application designed to provide the participants with emotion regulation and distress tolerance skills, social support, and convenient access to safety plan resources via the patients' phone.
BEHAVIORAL	Treatment as Usual	Participants received usual treatment for suicidal adolescents as they transition from inpatient hospitalization to outpatient therapy, which included a paper safety plan.

Timeline

• Start date: 2014-02-01
• Primary completion: 2017-07-01
• Completion: 2017-11-01
• First posted: 2014-10-22
• Last updated: 2018-12-20

Locations

2 sites across 1 country: United States