NCT02072759

Acetylcarnitine and Metabolic Flexibility

Preservation of Metabolic Flexibility by Acetylcarnitine Formation

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 24 (actual)
• Sponsor: Maastricht University Medical Center · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 40 Years – 70 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

Insulin resistant subjects and type 2 diabetic patients are characterized by a decreased metabolic flexibility: a reduced capability to switch from fat oxidation in the basal state to carbohydrate oxidation in the insulin-stimulated state. This metabolic inflexibility is an early hallmark in the development of diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that a low carnitine availability may limit acetylcarnitine formation, thereby reducing metabolic flexibility. We propose to test the hypothesis that metabolic inflexibility in pre-diabetic subjects and diabetic patients is due to a reduced capacity to form acetylcarnitines.

Detailed description

Background: Insulin resistant subjects and type 2 diabetic patients are characterized by a decreased metabolic flexibility: a reduced capability to switch from fat oxidation in the basal state to carbohydrate oxidation in the insulin-stimulated state. This metabolic inflexibility is an early hallmark in the development of diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that low carnitine availability may limit acetylcarnitine formation, thereby reducing metabolic flexibility. Objectives: We will investigate whether subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) show a diminished capacity to form acetylcarnitine in the face of high substrate availability. Therefore, we will use a novel non-invasive 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) protocol to determine in vivo, and in time, the formation of acetylcarnitine in skeletal muscle. Additionally, we will examine whether carnitine supplementation increases the capacity to form acetylcarnitine and improves metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity in IGT subjects. Study design: 12 subjects with IGT will be included and will be subjected to either placebo- or carnitine treatment (daily capsules with 2g of L-carnitine or placebo) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind crossover design. After both interventions, acetylcarnitine formation after a mixed meal will be determined by 1H-MRS and meal-induced changes in fat and glucose oxidation by indirect calorimetry. The maximal acetylcarnitine formation will be measured after a cycling test via 1H-MRS. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp will be performed to determine insulin sensitivity. Biopsies will be taken to measure free carnitine and carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) activity. To investigate whether differences in acetylcarnitine formation may be involved in variations in glucose tolerance, twelve control subjects, matched for BMI and age but glucose tolerant (based on oral glucose tolerance test, according to WHO criteria) will also be included and will undergo all measurements once without any intervention.

Conditions

• Glucose Intolerance

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT	Carnitine supplement	Carnitine supplement (oral ingestion with meals) Total dosage of 2g carnitine per day for 36 days. * 1 carnitine supplement at breakfast (500mg) * 1 carnitine supplement at lunch (500mg) * 2 carnitine supplements at diner (2x 500mg=1000mg)
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT	Placebo

Timeline

• Start date: 2014-03-01
• Primary completion: 2016-06-01
• Completion: 2016-06-01
• First posted: 2014-02-27
• Last updated: 2016-07-14

Locations

1 site across 1 country: Netherlands