NCT01550133

Effects of Food Form on Cephalic Phase Responses

Effects of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Food Form and Learning on Cephalic Phase Responses

• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 60 (estimated)
• Sponsor: Purdue University · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 18 Years – 50 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Accepted

Summary

This study has two main aims: 1) To determine if ingestion of solid or beverage food forms will change appetite hormone responses, and 2) To determine whether "learning" (defined as 2 week daily consumption) about the metabolic consequence of ingesting solid or beverage foods forms varying in energy alters appetite hormone responses. Beverage consumption has been implicated in the problem of obesity. However, the exact relationship between beverages, lower appetitive response and lower compensatory dietary responses remains unclear. This study aims to address this gap in the research. For aim 1, the null hypothesis is that the energy in beverage and solid forms will not affect appetite hormonal responses differently. The alternative hypothesis is that exposure to the energy-yielding beverage will elicit a lower appetitive hormone response compared to oral exposure to the solid food form. For aim 2, the null hypothesis is that learning will not change appetite hormone responses. The alternative hypothesis is that learning will decrease appetite hormone responses in the non-energy-yielding beverage more than in the energy-yielding beverage.

Detailed description

The main aims will be studied in 3 phases. In phase 1,the unconditioned cephalic phase responses of participants to nutritive and non-nutritive beverage and solid food forms will be determined. In phase 2, participants will consume a randomly allocated solid food or beverage (either nutritive or non-nutritive) consecutively for 2 weeks. In phase 3, (which will occur immediately after the end of Phase 2), participants will be retested for their cephalic phase responses to determine if there is an effect of learning on appetite hormone response.

Conditions

• Obese
• Overweight

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
BEHAVIORAL	Learned: Non-nutritive beverage to Non-nutritive beverage	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a beverage product made with non-nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks.Half of these participants will then be tested against a non-nutritive beverage.
BEHAVIORAL	Learned: Nutritive solid to Nutritive solid	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a solid food product made with nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a nutritive solid.
BEHAVIORAL	Learned: Nutritive beverage to Nutritive beverage	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a beverage product made with nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a nutritive beverage.
BEHAVIORAL	Not Learned: Non-nutritive solid to Nutritive solid	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a solid food product made with non-nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a nutritive solid.
BEHAVIORAL	Not Learned: Nutritive beverage to Non-nutritive beverage	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a beverage food product made with nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a non-nutritive beverage.
BEHAVIORAL	Not Learned: Non-Nutritive solid to Non-nutritive solid	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a solid food product made with nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a non-nutritive solid.
BEHAVIORAL	Not Learned: Non-nutritive beverage to Nutritive beverage	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a beverage food product made with non-nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a nutritive beverage.
BEHAVIORAL	Not Learned: Non-Nutritive solid to Non-Nutritive Solid	For the learning phase of the experiment, random allocation will assign about 15 participants to consume a solid food product made with non-nutritive sweetener everyday for two weeks. Half of these participants will then be tested against a non-nutritive solid.

Timeline

• Start date: 2012-09-01
• Primary completion: 2016-04-30
• Completion: 2016-12-30
• First posted: 2012-03-09
• Last updated: 2023-12-12

Locations

1 site across 1 country: United States