NCT01425307

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea

TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): A Phase III Randomized Trial to Compare Standard Therapy (Erythrocyte Transfusions) With Alternative Therapy (Hydroxyurea) for the Maintenance of Lowered TCD Velocities in Pediatric Subjects With Sickle Cell Anemia and Abnormal Pre-treatment TCD Velocities

• Status: Terminated
• Phase: Phase 3
• Study type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 159 (actual)
• Sponsor: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati · Academic / Other
• Sex: All
• Age: 4 Years – 15 Years
• Healthy volunteers: Not accepted

Summary

The primary goal of the Phase III TWiTCH trial is to compare 24 months of alternative therapy (hydroxyurea) to standard therapy (transfusions) for pediatric subjects with sickle cell anemia and abnormally high (≥200 cm/sec) Transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities, who currently receive chronic transfusions to reduce the risk of primary stroke. For the alternative treatment regimen (hydroxyurea) to be declared non-inferior to the standard treatment regimen (transfusions), after adjusting for baseline differences, the hydroxyurea-treated group must have a mean TCD velocity similar to that observed with transfusion prophylaxis.

Detailed description

Despite the clear results of the STOP and the follow-up STOP II trials, the use of chronic erythrocyte transfusions for primary stroke prevention in children with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) remains controversial for many practicing hematologists, as well as for patients and families. Transfusions have proven clinical efficacy in preventing first stroke in children with SCA and abnormal TCD velocities, but their indefinite use may still be difficult to justifY. The risk of transfusion acquired iron overload is now recognized as a serious consequence of chronic erythrocyte transfusions in children with SCA. After one to two years of monthly transfusions, virtually every patient will have excess hepatic iron deposition that warrants intervention with chelation therapy. The effectiveness of iron chelation has not yet been realized, despite the availability of the oral chelator deferasirox (Exjade®), due to its lack of palatability and increasing recognition of serious drug-related toxicities including renal and hepatic dysfunction. Simply put, indefinite erythrocyte transfusions cannot be viewed as adequate and acceptable long-term therapy for primary stroke prevention in SCA. There is an urgent need to develop an equivalent effective alternative therapy for the prevention of primary stroke in children with SCA, specifically one that better manages iron overload and improves quality of life.

Conditions

• Sickle Cell Anemia

Interventions

Type	Name	Description
DRUG	Hydroxyurea	Capsules (300 mg, 400 mg, or 500 mg) taken once daily liquid formulation (100 mg/mL)

Timeline

• Start date: 2011-08-01
• Primary completion: 2015-03-01
• Completion: 2015-11-01
• First posted: 2011-08-30
• Last updated: 2020-07-22
• Results posted: 2017-04-11